Wed, Nov 26th, 2025, 12:38UTC
 
RS Chart
Assessment - CAC Mid 60 in Renminbi yuán - 8/24/20 - RS = 17
historical assessment - show freshest
 ⇐ 
  instrument freshest Δday 8/24/20 Δwk 4/27/20  prc diff Δ17   ∅-RS
real-time RS chart chart add note CAC Mid 60 108,335.354  8/12/24 -0.08 99,140.889 80,718.540 18,422.349 22.82   4.20 
real-time RS chart chart add note Valneva 25.092  8/12/24 -1.28 45.140 24.922 20.218 81.13   85.75 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Neoen 313.284  8/12/24 -0.10 360.791 251.517 109.274 43.45   56.43 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Voltalia 83.096  8/12/24 -0.97 159.173 107.662 51.511 47.85   56.10 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Solutions 30 11.395  8/12/24 -0.99 118.196 70.547 47.648 67.54   51.24 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Trigano 836.677  8/12/24 -0.87 876.674 578.566 298.108 51.53   41.86 
real-time RS chart chart add note Nexans 972.994  8/12/24 0.08 384.953 255.044 129.909 50.94   33.23 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Ipsen 848.105  8/12/24 0.78 707.706 526.039 181.668 34.54   23.45 
real-time RS chart chart add note Interparfums 363.240  8/12/24 -1.87 285.695 202.796 82.899 40.88   23.06 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Argan 616.284  8/12/24 0.53 697.095 521.438 175.657 33.69   20.82 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Sopra Steria 1,341.948  8/12/24 -1.38 1,112.576 783.690 328.886 41.97   19.07 
real-time RS chart chart add note SEB 721.175  8/12/24 -0.67 1,188.489 893.345 295.144 33.04   18.47 
real-time RS chart chart add note ID Logistics 3,534.449  8/12/24 0.70 1,559.076 1,361.872 197.203 14.48   16.81 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Lectra 209.781  8/12/24 -0.96 159.989 110.882 49.107 44.29   12.58 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Imerys 239.004  8/12/24 0.21 280.144 185.417 94.727 51.09   10.46 
real-time RS chart chart add note Atos 6.945  8/12/24 -2.21 578.735 486.624 92.111 18.93   7.49 
real-time RS chart chart S add note GTT 1,031.765  8/12/24 0.16 652.608 538.308 114.300 21.23   6.87 
real-time RS chart chart add note Amundi 522.821  8/12/24 0.63 533.432 443.605 89.827 20.25   6.06 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Aperam 204.557  8/12/24 -0.63 201.211 172.151 29.059 16.88   5.64 
real-time RS chart chart add note Bolloré 46.976  8/12/24 -1.62 26.023 18.312 7.711 42.11   4.41 
real-time RS chart chart add note Mersen 248.962  8/12/24 -1.45 195.905 136.494 59.411 43.53   3.30 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Orpea 81.186  8/12/24 -42.87 858,716.040 747,189.408 111,526.632 14.93   2.87 
real-time RS chart chart add note Virbac 2,787.562  8/12/24 0.59 1,568.871 1,358.805 210.066 15.46   2.79 
real-time RS chart chart add note VusionGroup 1,093.802  8/12/24 0.15 207.333 172.151 35.181 20.44   -1.75 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Fnac Darty 214.271  8/12/24 -0.19 293.857 207.195 86.662 41.83   -1.88 
  instrument freshest Δday 8/24/20 Δwk 4/27/20  prc diff Δ17   ∅-RS
real-time RS chart chart add note Ipsos 453.846  8/12/24 -0.36 181.212 131.126 50.086 38.20   -1.96 
real-time RS chart chart add note X-FAB 44.691  8/12/24 1.96 26.284 25.688 0.595 2.32   -2.75 
real-time RS chart chart add note Clariane 15.134  8/12/24 -1.64 266.920 227.132 39.788 17.52   -3.23 
real-time RS chart chart add note Opmobility 69.709  8/12/24 -1.16 151.745 122.001 29.744 24.38   -3.29 
real-time RS chart chart add note SPIE 274.920  8/12/24 0.54 113.135 88.644 24.491 27.63   -3.66 
real-time RS chart chart add note Bic 464.458  8/12/24 -1.90 402.258 367.460 34.798 9.47   -4.81 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Wendel 695.054  8/12/24 -0.70 721.991 605.021 116.970 19.33   -6.58 
real-time RS chart chart add note TF1 63.832  8/12/24 43.548 35.151 8.397 23.89   -7.91 
real-time RS chart chart add note Bénéteau 71.587  8/12/24 -2.01 54.445 45.856 8.589 18.73   -8.44 
real-time RS chart chart add note Coface 112.727  8/12/24 0.88 54.853 40.258 14.595 36.25   -9.23 
real-time RS chart chart add note Rubis 224.148  8/12/24 0.22 328.630 305.041 23.589 7.73   -10.47 
real-time RS chart chart add note Métropole TV 96.157  8/12/24 0.17 87.341 74.918 12.423 16.58   -10.75 
real-time RS chart chart add note Eurazeo 553.839  8/12/24 0.97 366.015 330.653 35.363 10.69   -11.26 
real-time RS chart chart add note elis 172.396  8/12/24 0.67 88.565 70.126 18.440 26.30   -13.59 
real-time RS chart chart add note Covivio 388.055  8/12/24 -0.50 517.923 436.704 81.219 18.60   -13.94 
real-time RS chart chart add note Ayvens 47.670  8/12/24 -1.02 71.750 63.646 8.104 12.73   -14.24 
real-time RS chart chart add note Dassault Aviation 1,546.832  8/12/24 -0.52 640.364 615.373 24.991 4.06   -14.37 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Alten 785.660  8/12/24 -0.31 568.124 501.884 66.240 13.20   -14.95 
real-time RS chart chart add note Nexity 79.382  8/12/24 -0.77 232.637 206.275 26.362 12.78   -15.59 
real-time RS chart chart add note Derichebourg 37.189  8/12/24 0.80 19.297 20.091 -0.794 -3.95   -15.75 
real-time RS chart chart add note JCDecaux 146.929  8/12/24 -0.50 130.195 130.436 -0.241 -0.18   -18.69 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Eramet 590.571  8/12/24 5.24 223.495 224.448 -0.953 -0.42   -18.89 
real-time RS chart chart S add note Scor 139.827  8/12/24 1.06 182.028 186.951 -4.923 -2.63   -19.57 
real-time RS chart chart add note Eutelsat 34.512  8/12/24 2.17 71.440 77.909 -6.469 -8.30   -21.57 
real-time RS chart chart add note Aéroports de Paris 915.039  8/12/24 -0.62 727.297 687.071 40.226 5.85   -22.61 
  instrument freshest Δday 8/24/20 Δwk 4/27/20  prc diff Δ17   ∅-RS
real-time RS chart chart L add note Icade 165.540  8/12/24 -1.74 452.622 537.541 -84.919 -15.80   -24.40 
real-time RS chart chart S add note SES 38.299  8/12/24 0.60 50.119 47.988 2.131 4.44   -25.49 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Elior 26.055  8/12/24 3.30 41.589 46.048 -4.459 -9.68   -33.02 
real-time RS chart chart add note Carmila 134.358  8/12/24 0.61 71.015 86.957 -15.942 -18.33   -34.27 
real-time RS chart chart add note Mercialys 95.340  8/12/24 -0.85 45.548 54.828 -9.280 -16.93   -35.13 
real-time RS chart chart L add note Viridien 302.591  8/12/24 -0.83 6.478 7.361 -0.884 -12.00   -42.15 
real-time RS chart chart add note Vallourec 109.135  8/12/24 -0.59 222.352 298.262 -75.910 -25.45   -48.64 
real-time RS chart chart add note Euroapi 32.308  8/12/24 -3.04       -na- 
real-time RS chart chart S add note FDJ 288.307  8/12/24 0.40 250.921 198.223 52.698 26.59   -na- 
real-time RS chart chart add note Technip Energies 167.988  8/12/24 -0.68       -na- 
real-time RS chart chart add note Verallia 214.516  8/12/24 -1.13 218.760 176.369 42.392 24.04   -na- 
 CAC Mid 60 - 58 out of 60 instruments rated - 8/24/20 / 4/27/20 - 47 did rise, Market-Ratio(17) in CNY = 81.03 % 
Stock Exchange Currency: EUR € Euro
 
Technical Chart
CAC Mid 60 RS = 17 - B/S = 69/62
Market Chart
1/04/21 scale up chart 7/01/24
 


Transactions CAC Mid 60 in Renminbi yuán * A17 - 69/62 (1)
 ⇐ 
L/Sdate buy date selldays instrumentsplpieces prc buyprc sellps shortprc diffd %assetyield 
1/02/06 5/22/06 140    - cash -
short 5/22/06  10/09/06 140  RT RS QC  Maurel et Prom 100  62   159.549  188.617 130.481  -29.068 -18  8,198 -41  
long 10/09/06   6/18/07 252  RT RS QC  Eiffage 100  10   778.679  1,009.976    231.298 30  10,511 46  
short 6/18/07   7/02/07 14  RT RS QC  Covivio 100  8   1,174.035  1,137.149 1,212.118  38.083 3  10,815 130  
long 7/02/07   7/30/07 28  RT RS QC  Ubisoft 100  51   209.491  240.947    31.456 15  12,420 519  
short 7/30/07   5/19/08 294  RT RS QC  Maurel et Prom 100  87   142.455  175.693 109.218  -33.238 -23  9,528 -28  
long 5/19/08   6/02/08 14  RT RS QC  Ubisoft 100  24   386.677  332.756    -53.921 -14  8,234 -98  
short 6/02/08   5/18/09 350  RT RS QC  Vantiva 100  0   9,399.878  1,646.319 53,669.863  44,269.985 471  8,234 0  
long 5/18/09   1/25/10 252  RT RS QC  Nexity 100  39   207.255  260.717    53.462 26  10,319 39  
short 1/25/10   3/29/10 63  RT RS QC  Ubisoft 100  110   93.231  94.219 92.242  -0.988 -1  10,210 -6  
long 3/29/10   5/10/10 42  RT RS QC  Opmobility 100  388   26.310  31.289    4.979 19  12,142 351  
short 5/10/10   9/20/10 133  RT RS QC  Ubisoft 100  153   79.217  65.082 96.423  17.205 22  14,775 71  
long 9/20/10   5/16/11 238  RT RS QC  Opmobility 100  390   37.848  68.169    30.321 80  26,600 147  
short 5/16/11   1/23/12 252  RT RS QC  Genfit 100  737   36.070  14.043 92.645  56.575 157  68,295 292  
long 1/23/12   5/14/12 112  RT RS QC  Innate Pharma 100  4,900   13.937  13.455    -0.482 -3  65,934 -11  
short 5/14/12   9/10/12 119  RT RS QC  Vallourec 100  5   11,273.196  11,797.442 10,748.949  -524.246 -5  63,313 -14  
long 9/10/12   4/22/13 224  RT RS QC  Eurofins Scientific 100  709   89.264  124.767    35.503 40  88,484 73  
short 4/22/13   4/29/13 7  RT RS QC  Viridien 100  21   4,053.766  4,313.282 3,794.249  -259.517 -6  83,035 -97  
long 4/29/13   6/10/13 42  RT RS QC  Montupet 100  731   113.439  134.639    21.200 19  98,532 343  
short 6/10/13   8/05/13 56  RT RS QC  Viridien 100  21   4,575.934  4,703.634 4,448.233  -127.700 -3  95,850 -17  
long 8/05/13  12/16/13 133  RT RS QC  Montupet 100  627   152.747  277.921    125.173 82  174,334 417  
short 12/16/13  12/23/13 7  RT RS QC  Adocia 100  3,653   47.713  47.053 48.382  0.669 1  176,777 107  
long 12/23/13   6/23/14 182  RT RS QC  Montupet 100  675   261.620  565.977    304.357 116  382,218 370  
short 6/23/14   1/19/15 210  RT RS QC  Viridien 100  131   2,907.882  1,108.285 7,629.600  4,721.719 162  1,000,763 435  
long 1/19/15   6/08/15 140  RT RS QC  Adocia 100  2,194   456.013  464.034    8.021 2  1,018,360 5  
short 6/08/15  12/21/15 196  RT RS QC  Maurel et Prom 100  20,642   49.332  18.963 128.339  79.007 160  2,649,217 493  
L/Sdate buy date selldays instrumentsplpieces prc buyprc sellps shortprc diffd %assetyield 
long 12/21/15  12/28/15 7  RT RS QC  Sartorius Stedim 100  6,505   407.228  407.059    -0.169 0  2,648,120 -2  
short 12/28/15   5/16/16 140  RT RS QC  Maurel et Prom 100  122,289   21.654  23.531 19.778  -1.876 -9  2,418,672 -21  
long 5/16/16   6/27/16 42  RT RS QC  Ubisoft 100  10,904   221.808  226.783    4.974 2  2,472,912 21  
short 6/27/16   9/05/16 70  RT RS QC  Vallourec 100  2,933   843.091  1,249.342 436.840  -406.251 -48  1,281,378 -97  
long 9/05/16   9/26/16 21  RT RS QC  Ubisoft 100  4,708   272.158  252.502    -19.656 -7  1,188,837 -73  
short 9/26/16  10/10/16 14  RT RS QC  Air France-KLM 100  3,356   354.208  357.794 350.622  -3.586 -1  1,176,803 -23  
long 10/10/16  11/21/16 42  RT RS QC  Nexans 100  2,966   396.636  363.272    -33.364 -8  1,077,845 -53  
short 11/21/16  12/26/16 35  RT RS QC  Viridien 100  11,495   93.766  98.574 88.959  -4.807 -5  1,022,584 -42  
long 12/26/16   8/21/17 238  RT RS QC  Vallourec 100  558   1,831.134  1,394.648    -436.486 -24  779,025 -34  
short 8/21/17  12/11/17 112  RT RS QC  Vantiva 100  1,183   657.973  660.494 655.452  -2.521 0  776,042 -1  
long 12/11/17   2/05/18 56  RT RS QC  Air France-KLM 100  788   984.742  932.556    -52.186 -5  734,920 -30  
short 2/05/18   3/18/19 406  RT RS QC  Innate Pharma 100  17,928   40.992  50.024 31.960  -9.032 -22  572,987 -20  
long 3/18/19   3/25/19 7  RT RS QC  GTT 100  901   635.464  606.185    -29.279 -5  546,607 -91  
short 3/25/19   4/08/19 14  RT RS QC  DBV Technologies 100  5,585   97.870  124.076 71.664  -26.206 -27  400,246 -100  
long 4/08/19   5/20/19 42  RT RS QC  GTT 100  591   676.743  616.107    -60.636 -9  364,410 -56  
short 5/20/19  12/09/19 203  RT RS QC  Eramet 100  922   395.049  310.921 501.940  106.891 27  462,963 54  
long 12/09/19   1/13/20 35  RT RS QC  Viridien 100  23,349   19.828  23.244    3.417 17  542,736 425  
short 1/13/20   7/13/20 182  RT RS QC  Ipsen 100  884   613.887  648.088 579.686  -34.201 -6  512,503 -11  
long 7/13/20   9/21/20 70  RT RS QC  Iliad 100  365   1,401.142  1,309.551    -91.592 -7  479,072 -30  
short 9/21/20  11/16/20 56  RT RS QC  Vallourec 100  3,372   142.050  163.291 120.809  -21.241 -15  407,447 -65  
long 11/16/20   7/12/21 238  RT RS QC  Solutions 30 100  2,985   136.478  48.745    -87.733 -64  145,564 -79  
short 7/12/21  11/15/21 126  RT RS QC  Vallourec 100  2,579   56.422  52.604 60.517  4.095 7  156,125 23  
long 11/15/21  11/22/21 7  RT RS QC  Valneva 100  1,015   153.742  136.757    -16.985 -11  138,886 -100  
short 11/22/21   1/17/22 56  RT RS QC  Vallourec 100  2,563   54.172  67.255 41.089  -13.083 -24  105,354 -83  
long 1/17/22   1/24/22 7  RT RS QC  Derichebourg 100  1,220   86.341  77.154    -9.188 -11  94,145 -100  
L/Sdate buy date selldays instrumentsplpieces prc buyprc sellps shortprc diffd %assetyield 
short 1/24/22   1/16/23 357  RT RS QC  DBV Technologies 100  5,030   18.715  22.262 15.168  -3.547 -19  76,302 -19  
long 1/16/23   3/27/23 70  RT RS QC  Elior 100  2,620   29.120  23.049    -6.070 -21  60,398 -70  
short 3/27/23   2/12/24 322  RT RS QC  Orpea 100  3   15,593.970  102.179 2,379,872.063  2,364,278.093 15,161  7,153,233 29,767  
long 2/12/24   4/22/24 70  RT RS QC  Eurazeo 100  11,839   604.169  632.597    28.427 5  7,489,782 27  
short 4/22/24   5/13/24 21  RT RS QC  Orpea 100  78,678   95.194  104.737 85.652  -9.543 -10  6,738,997 -84  
long 5/13/24   6/17/24 35  RT RS QC  Eramet 100  8,455   796.962  751.106    -45.856 -6  6,351,283 -46  
short 6/17/24   8/12/24 56  RT RS QC  Atos 100  827,189   7.678  6.646 8.871  1.193 16  7,337,753 156  
accum 5/22/06 8/12/247128 days out of 7268 invested (98%) 73,278 7,337,753 40  

Instrument Related Contribution
 instrumentL/Sdate buy date selldaysprc buyprc sellps shortprc diffd %total 
 Orpeashort  3/27/23  2/12/2432215,593.97102.182,379,872.062,364,278.09 15,161.49 
 short  4/22/24  5/13/242195.19104.7485.65-9.54 -10.0213,631.64 
 Vantivashort  6/02/08  5/18/093509,399.881,646.3253,669.8644,269.98 470.96 
 short  8/21/17 12/11/17112657.97660.49655.45-2.52 -0.38468.78 
 Montupetlong  4/29/13  6/10/1342113.44134.6421.20 18.69 
 long  8/05/13 12/16/13133152.75277.92125.17 81.95 
 long 12/23/13  6/23/14182261.62565.98304.36 116.34367.18 
 Viridienshort  4/22/13  4/29/1374,053.774,313.283,794.25-259.52 -6.40 
 short  6/10/13  8/05/13564,575.934,703.634,448.23-127.70 -2.79 
 short  6/23/14  1/19/152102,907.881,108.297,629.604,721.72 162.38 
 short 11/21/16 12/26/163593.7798.5788.96-4.81 -5.13 
 long 12/09/19  1/13/203519.8323.243.42 17.23165.51 
 Genfitshort  5/16/11  1/23/1225236.0714.0492.6456.57 156.85156.85 
 Opmobilitylong  3/29/10  5/10/104226.3131.294.98 18.93 
 long  9/20/10  5/16/1123837.8568.1730.32 80.11114.20 
 Maurel et Promshort  5/22/06 10/09/06140159.55188.62130.48-29.07 -18.22 
 short  7/30/07  5/19/08294142.46175.69109.22-33.24 -23.33 
 short  6/08/15 12/21/1519649.3318.96128.3479.01 160.15 
 short 12/28/15  5/16/1614021.6523.5319.78-1.88 -8.6648.98 
 Eurofins Scientificlong  9/10/12  4/22/1322489.26124.7735.50 39.7739.77 
 Eiffagelong 10/09/06  6/18/07252778.681,009.98231.30 29.7029.70 
 Nexitylong  5/18/09  1/25/10252207.26260.7253.46 25.8025.80 
 Erametshort  5/20/19 12/09/19203395.05310.92501.94106.89 27.06 
 long  5/13/24  6/17/2435796.96751.11-45.86 -5.7519.75 
 Atosshort  6/17/24  8/12/24567.686.658.871.19 15.5315.53 
 instrumentL/Sdate buy date selldaysprc buyprc sellps shortprc diffd %total 
 Ubisoftlong  7/02/07  7/30/0728209.49240.9531.46 15.02 
 long  5/19/08  6/02/0814386.68332.76-53.92 -13.94 
 short  1/25/10  3/29/106393.2394.2292.24-0.99 -1.06 
 short  5/10/10  9/20/1013379.2265.0896.4217.21 21.72 
 long  5/16/16  6/27/1642221.81226.784.97 2.24 
 long  9/05/16  9/26/1621272.16252.50-19.66 -7.2213.07 
 Eurazeolong  2/12/24  4/22/2470604.17632.6028.43 4.714.71 
 Covivioshort  6/18/07  7/02/07141,174.041,137.151,212.1238.08 3.243.24 
 Adociashort 12/16/13 12/23/13747.7147.0548.380.67 1.40 
 long  1/19/15  6/08/15140456.01464.038.02 1.763.19 
 Sartorius Stedimlong 12/21/15 12/28/157407.23407.06-0.17 -0.04-0.04 
 Ipsenshort  1/13/20  7/13/20182613.89648.09579.69-34.20 -5.57-5.57 
 Air France-KLMshort  9/26/16 10/10/1614354.21357.79350.62-3.59 -1.01 
 long 12/11/17  2/05/1856984.74932.56-52.19 -5.30-6.26 
 Iliadlong  7/13/20  9/21/20701,401.141,309.55-91.59 -6.54-6.54 
 Nexanslong 10/10/16 11/21/1642396.64363.27-33.36 -8.41-8.41 
 Derichebourglong  1/17/22  1/24/22786.3477.15-9.19 -10.64-10.64 
 Valnevalong 11/15/21 11/22/217153.74136.76-16.98 -11.05-11.05 
 GTTlong  3/18/19  3/25/197635.46606.19-29.28 -4.61 
 long  4/08/19  5/20/1942676.74616.11-60.64 -8.96-13.15 
 Eliorlong  1/16/23  3/27/237029.1223.05-6.07 -20.85-20.85 
 Innate Pharmalong  1/23/12  5/14/1211213.9413.46-0.48 -3.46 
 short  2/05/18  3/18/1940640.9950.0231.96-9.03 -22.03-24.73 
 DBV Technologiesshort  3/25/19  4/08/191497.87124.0871.66-26.21 -26.78 
 short  1/24/22  1/16/2335718.7122.2615.17-3.55 -18.95-40.66 
 instrumentL/Sdate buy date selldaysprc buyprc sellps shortprc diffd %total 
 Solutions 30long 11/16/20  7/12/21238136.4848.75-87.73 -64.28-64.28 
 Vallourecshort  5/14/12  9/10/1211911,273.2011,797.4410,748.95-524.25 -4.65 
 short  6/27/16  9/05/1670843.091,249.34436.84-406.25 -48.19 
 long 12/26/16  8/21/172381,831.131,394.65-436.49 -23.84 
 short  9/21/20 11/16/2056142.05163.29120.81-21.24 -14.95 
 short  7/12/21 11/15/2112656.4252.6060.524.09 7.26 
 short 11/22/21  1/17/225654.1767.2541.09-13.08 -24.15-73.97 


Annotations
7/31/24Viridienreverse split 100:1 (one for one hundred)
3/25/24Orpeareverse split 1,000:1 (one for one thousand)
2/20/24CAC Mid 60Component update: ADP, Argan, ID Logistics, Lectra and X-FAB replace Altarea, Antin, Casino, OVH and
Soitec
5/25/20Vallourecreverse split 40:1 (one for fourty)
6/05/18Foncière des Régionsrenames as Covivio,
that's a shame, I really liked these cute slashes above the e's.
7/28/17Rubisstock split 1:2 (two for one)
4/03/17CAC Mid 60Soitec and Tarkett replace CGG and Maurel et Prom
7/20/16CGGreverse stock split 32:1 (one for thirty-two)
7/15/16CAC Mid 60Saft dropped out due to the acquisition by Total
 CAC Mid 60Eutelsat replaces Eiffage
3/21/16CAC Mid 60Amundi, SPIE and Worldline replace Adocia, Coface and Montupet
1/18/16CAC Mid 60Montupet drops out (acquisition by Linamar)
1/04/16CAC Mid 60complete analysis
12/21/15CAC Mid 60DBV Technologies, Europcar, Sartorius Stedim Biotech and Vallourec replace Eramet, Groupe Eurotunnel,
Solocal and Virbac
8/24/15CAC Mid 60complete analysis
7/08/15CAC Mid 60market adustment to index: Adocia, Elior, elis (new), CGG, Eutelsat and Lagardere (<= Next 20) replace
Hermes, Ingenico, Klépierre (=> Next 20), Areva, Soitec and Tarkett (dropped out)